계정민 Joeng Meen Gye

DOI: Vol.59(No.4) 511-526, 2013

Focusing on Anna Katharine Green`s Amelia Butterworth series and Agatha Christie`s Miss Marple mysteries, this paper aims to examine the contradictory representation of a detective in spinster detective fiction. The spinster detective fiction reveals distinct ways of representing a female detective from the earlier woman detective fiction. Unlike the earlier woman detective represented as submissive and desperate for survival, a spinster detective is a wealthy, intelligent, brave, and independent woman from an upper class family. Since a spinster detective`s attributes honor such masculine qualities as independence, intelligence, courage, and capacity for leadership, the spinster detective fiction has a possibility to threaten the established patriarchal authority. The possibility of gender disruption in the spinster detective fiction is, however, contained by the spinster`s marginal position in the patriarchal system. Since a spinster exists outside the normal expectation of a woman`s life in patriarchal society, a spinster detective creates no conflict with the dominant gender ideology. Furthermore, a spinster detective is represented as a conservative elderly woman expressing reactionary views on social, political issues including women`s problems. The spinster detective fiction reinforces the established gender norms rather than challenges and questions them.

노처녀탐정 추리소설, 그린, 크리스티, 버터워스, 미스 마플, spinster detective fiction, Anna Katharine Green, Agatha Christie, Amelia Butterworth, Miss Marple,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

박우수 Woo Soo Park

DOI: Vol.59(No.4) 527-544, 2013

William Shakespeare`s dirge, “The Phoenix and the Turtle,” is still a crux in the Shakespearean canon and interpretation. The poem is still believed a dark allegory dealing with some arcane and obscure courtly matters and politics. However, we cannot recover its allegorical significance. This interpretive situation enforces us to read the poem as a self-conscious artwork in terms of its paradoxical language and meta-poetic metaphors. Paradox, as a subspecies of metaphor, challenges categorical and judgmental absolutes, and produces a sense of wonder in reconciling the logically contradictory opposites. In this poem the urn containing the ashes of the phoenix and the turtle is the icon of the mysterious unity of art, born of the wonderful marriage of male and female. Shakespeare`s poem demonstrates in itself the magical power of poetic language in transforming an elegy into an epithalamion. The union of the phoenix and the turtle defies the singularity of their respective entity, and at the same time it retains their distinctive particularity of the two-ness. This neo-Platonic mystery of the “married chastity” is a paradox which confounds reason and verifies the poetic truth of imaginative intellect. The marriage of Christian perichoresis is crystallized in the artwork of the urn, which is admired at by posterity, though the marriage was issueless, due to its passing virtue. “The Phoenix and the Turtle” depicts the metaphor-making process and its effect, the poem.

셰익스피어, 메타시, 역설, 불사조, 산비둘기, Shakespeare, meta-poetry, paradox, phoenix, turtle,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

유제분 Je Boon Yu

DOI: Vol.59(No.4) 545-567, 2013

Keeping in mind the hybridity and plurality of Southern Literature, this paper discusses the traits of Southern literature in Jayne Ann Phillips`s first novel, Machine Dream. The novel`s frequent use of memory and oral reconstruction of a family history accompanied by the feeling of loss in the process of depicting the South`s past typically signifies “The Southern” which reminds us of the works of William Faulkner, Katherine Ann Porter, and Eudora Welty. Nevertheless, Phillips`s South is more fragmented and her narrative is more evasive and varied than any of her Southern predecessors. The South of the twentieth century from the period of Depression until 1972 is reconstructed differently depending on memories and desires of the four members of Hampson family in this novel, either as a place of nostalgia or as the place of trauma or as the place to survive only in memory. The oxymoronic title of the novel, “machine dreams” signifies that dream and memory of the South cannot remain independent in its epistemological entity but exist as a mixture of materiality of every day life in the modern South. The hybridity of this dream and of the South is what defines itself as Southern. Yet Phillips retains feeling of loss and lament enough to create a modern Southern novel rooted in Southern Literature. Thus, the title itself works an antinomic signifier of both the presence and absence of the dream of the South and of Southern Literature.

물질성, 20세기 남부문학, 『머쉰 드림』, 기억, 제인 앤 필립스, materiality, 20th century Southern Literature, Machine Dream, memory, Jane Ann Phillips,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

강자모 Ja Mo Kang

DOI: Vol.59(No.4) 569-592, 2013

In Reservation Blues, Sherman Alexie examines how Indians can survive successfully in contemporary America, overcoming the tragic history of colonialists` violence and the resultant traumata. For Alexie, both reassembling the parts of the colonialist history through remembrance and testifying its unjustness play important roles not only in the decolonization process which probes the remnants and the negative effects of the colonialism deeply rooted in the lives of Indians but in the procedure of healing the political, cultural, and religious traumata. However, it should be noted that the ultimate aim of Alexie`s decolonization does not lie in erasing every trace of the colonialism but in transforming its legacy into a story of survivance. The recovery of the tribal voices and the preservation of Indian traditions, blood, and cultures are essential in the survivance of Indians. Yet, Alexie`s tribalism should not be viewed as an exclusive one. He knows well that it is neither possible nor desirable to maintain an exclusive tribalism based on blind adherence to a mythic or “pure” past. Exclusive tribalism is a cause for alarm in the contemporary world, a dynamic place where diverse cultures consistently change through collision, exchange, and negotiation. In Reservation Blues, Alexie stresses a spiritual and cultural flexibility that makes the cultural interpenetration possible as a key element of the meaningful survivance of contemporary American Indians.

셔먼 알렉시, 『레저베이션 블루스』, 탈식민화, 생존전략, 부족주의, Sherman Alexie, Reservation Blues, decolonization, survival strategy, tribalism,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

임근순 Keun Sun Lim

DOI: Vol.59(No.4) 593-617, 2013

Tales from Shakespeare, written by Charles and Mary Lamb in 1807, is an adaptation of Shakespeare`s plays which was intended for children. Shakespeare`s poetic language is transmitted into prose, which enables children to easily read his works. Charles and Mary Lamb collaborated in adapting Shakespeare`s plays, but they undertook separate duties which revealed different attitudes in their approach to the adaptation. This dissertation examines Mary Lamb`s adaption of Shakespeare`s problem play All`s Well That Ends Well and Charles Lamb`s adaption of Shakespeare` tragedy King Lear, with an adapted pattern focusing on the plot and character. Charles Lamb stressed the “imagination of a fairy tale,” which was against the trend in children`s literature of the time, while Mary Lamb stressed “the moral and didactic element.” Mary Lamb was concerned with the education of female children in the early nineteenth-century. As a result, the Tales presents “a double movement” or perspective, which stresses didactic elements, as well as imagination. These ambivalent attitudes caused critical debates in the nineteenth-century. However, the Lambs defended criticism against “the double movement,” suspecting themselves to be “no bigger than a child,” from the viewpoint of “the imagination,” and reading the Tales to be effective at “making a child a virtuous man,” from the viewpoint of “an education.”

셰익스피어 이야기, 찰스 램, 램 남매, 셰익스피어 희곡각색, 각색 태도, Tales from Shakespeare, Charles Lamb, Charles and Mary Lamb, adapting Shakespeare`s plays, attitude of adaptation,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

박진임 Jin Im Park

DOI: Vol.59(No.4) 619-643, 2013

The experience of interment during World War II has been one of the primary motifs of fictional and autobiographical narratives by Japanese Americans. Examining textual evidences in John Okada`s No-No Boy and Monica Sone`s Nisei Daughters, this paper argues that the internment has been designed, carried out and concluded based primarily on the principles of economics. Borrowing the notion that ‘wealth has (racial) color’ as Lui and others maintain, this paper analyzes episodes in which the protagonists and other characters testify how their internment has resulted in their loss of capital as well as human rights and dignity, not to mention temporary suspension of their citizenships. In addition, this paper contrasts the image of the US as a land of equity as represented in the literary texts of the 18th century authors in the US with that of our two authors. In doing so, this paper argues that the historical incident of internment in the 20th century is the scene in which American ideals become irrecoverably sullied and American dreams turn into American nightmares.

일본계 미국문학, 죤 오카다, 모니카 소네, 『노노보이』, 『니세이 딸들』, Japanese-American Literature, John Okada, Monica Sone, No-No Boy, Nisei Daughters,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

한영림 Young Lim Han

DOI: Vol.59(No.4) 645-666, 2013

In the history of the study of Shakespeare`s texts the eighteenth century marked the emergence of editors, and in the history of Shakespearean editing Edmond Malone`s emphasis on documentary evidence inaugurated a new stage. Malone`s antiquarian scholarship sought to establish Shakespeare in the theatrical context of his age and a historically informed view of the physical circumstances under which he wrote his plays. Malone`s editorial use of historical sources in terms of Shakespeare`s past formulated a new mode of ascertaining his authorship: the construction of Shakespeare as a man of the theatre as well as of literature. Malone was the first scholar to recognize Shakespeare`s merits as an actor, and to introduce the concept of the theatrical Shakespeare, which has become the scholarly norm since. In this respect this paper is designed to demonstrate that Malone`s editorial principle and practice are characteristic of the identification of the factual documents of Shakespeare`s biography, the authentication of his material to attain his true text, and the construction of his personal experiences through intensive readings of his plays. In conclusion, Malone`s new criteria laid the foundation for the progress towards authorizing Shakespeare, thereby canonizing him as a figure of the theatrical and literary authority.

셰익스피어 저자론, 말로운, 존슨, 편집서, 『첫 2절판』, Shakespeare authorship, Edmond Malone, Ben Jonson, editions, First Folio,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory